Understanding and Managing Hypoglycaemia
While high blood sugar, known as hyperglycaemia, often gets more attention, low blood sugar is just as important to recognise. This condition is called Hypoglycaemia. It occurs when the level of glucose in the blood drops too low—typically below 4 millimoles per litre. Although people with diabetes are most at risk, it’s essential to understand that hypoglycaemia can affect anyone under certain conditions.
For instance, prolonged fasting, excessive alcohol intake, or serious illness can all trigger low blood sugar levels. Additionally, people with diabetes who take insulin or certain medications face a higher risk, especially if they skip meals or overexert themselves physically.
Recognising the Signs
Early recognition is crucial. The signs of hypoglycaemia often appear suddenly and may include:
- Hunger or shakiness
- Cold, sweaty skin
- Sudden mood changes, such as irritability or confusion
- Weakness or dizziness
- A rapid pulse, while breathing remains normal
Because these symptoms come on quickly, it’s usually clear that low blood sugar—not high—is the cause. Prompt action is essential to prevent the condition from worsening.
How to Treat Hypoglycaemia
Fortunately, unlike hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia is usually quick and easy to treat. The key is to act immediately. If the person is conscious and alert, give them a fast-acting source of sugar. This might include:
- Glucose tablets or gels
- A small chocolate bar
- A sugary drink like lemonade or cola (not diet)
- Fruit juice
After providing sugar, wait 10 to 15 minutes. Then ask the person to test their blood glucose levels. If the levels remain low or symptoms persist, repeat the treatment and seek medical help if needed.
Special Considerations
For children, use extra care. You can place half a teaspoon (around 2.5 grams) of sugar under the child’s tongue if they are conscious and able to swallow. This can help boost their blood sugar while you seek further support.
It’s also a good idea for people at risk of hypoglycaemia to inform friends, family, or colleagues about their condition. That way, others can help if symptoms occur unexpectedly.
When to Call for Help
If the person becomes drowsy, confused, or unresponsive, you must call 999 straight away. In more severe cases, untreated hypoglycaemia can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, or even death. Acting early could save a life.
In summary, hypoglycaemia is a serious yet manageable condition. By knowing the symptoms, carrying quick-release sugar sources, and acting fast, you can prevent complications and support those affected effectively.