How to Perform CPR on an Infant (Step-by-Step Guide)

How to Perform CPR on an Infant

In this film, we focus on how to perform CPR on an infant, which means a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in this age group is extremely rare, yet when it does happen, it almost always starts with a breathing problem rather than a heart issue. Because of this, you must act quickly and use the correct technique. Fast, confident action gives the infant the best possible chance of survival.

Step 1: Check for Danger

Begin by checking the area for hazards. Look for anything that could harm you or the infant, such as sharp objects, pets, or unstable furniture. Once the scene is safe, approach calmly. Speak gently to the infant to see if they respond. A simple, soft “Hello, can you hear me?” can sometimes trigger a reaction.

Step 2: Check for a Response

If you do not see movement or hear any sound, gently tap the sole of the foot or flick the bottom of the foot. This action helps you determine responsiveness without moving the head or neck. If nothing changes, shout for help immediately.

If another person is nearby, ask them to call 999 and leave their phone beside you on speaker. Also ask them to bring an AED if available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself, switch to speakerphone, and continue your assessment. The emergency operator will guide you through the steps and support you throughout CPR.

Step 3: Check Breathing

  • Place one hand gently on the forehead.
  • Use two fingers under the chin to slightly lift it.
  • Tilt the head only a little—just enough to open the airway.
  • Look into the mouth for visible obstruction. Remove it only if it is easy to see and easy to grasp.
  • Keep the airway open and check for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds.

Look for chest movement. Listen for breathing sounds. Feel for air against your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest immediately.

Step 4: Give Five Rescue Breaths

Because most infant cardiac arrests are oxygen-related, the first minute of CPR is absolutely critical. Rescue breaths become the most important step.

  • Keep the airway open with a slight head tilt.
  • Seal your mouth over both the infant’s mouth and nose.
  • Blow gently for one second. Look for the chest to rise.
  • Allow the chest to fall fully before giving the next breath.
  • Give five rescue breaths in total.

If the chest does not rise, adjust the head position and try again. Continue only when you see the chest lift during each breath.

Step 5: Start Chest Compressions

  • Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest just below the nipple line.
  • Wrap your hands around the ribcage, supporting the back with your fingers.
  • Push down one-third of the chest depth.
  • Compress at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute.
  • Let the chest rise completely between each compression.

After the first five breaths, continue CPR in cycles of 15 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Keep the rhythm steady and avoid unnecessary pauses. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to stay effective.

Step 6: Use an AED

  • Turn the AED on immediately and follow the voice prompts.
  • Use paediatric pads if available. Place one on the chest and one on the back.
  • If only adult pads are available, still use them.
  • Continue compressions while applying the pads to maintain blood flow.
  • Stand clear when instructed and resume CPR straight after any shock.

Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives

Continue CPR until the infant starts breathing normally, begins to move, or emergency services take over. If you become too exhausted, let another rescuer take your place.

When the infant starts breathing, place them in the infant recovery position. Keep their head slightly down to maintain airway clearance. Continue monitoring until help arrives.

Key Points

  • Always check for danger before approaching.
  • Call 999 early and stay on speakerphone.
  • Give five gentle rescue breaths first.
  • Use the 15:2 compression-to-breath ratio at 100–120 per minute.
  • Use an AED as soon as possible.
  • Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life.

Learning how to perform CPR on an infant prepares you to respond confidently and protect a young life when every second matters.

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